Board Paper of Class 12-Commerce 2014 Economics (SET 1) - Solutions

General Instructions
1) This question paper contains two sections: A and B.
2) There are 9 questions in total.

Section A
i. This section contains 1 question with ten sub-parts.
ii. Question No. 1 is compulsory.
iii. Attempt all the sub-parts of 2 marks each.
iv. This section is of 20 marks in total.

Section B
i. This section consists of 8 questions of 12 marks each.
ii. Attempt any 5 questions from question nos. 2 to 9.
iv. This whole section is of 60 marks in total.

Question 1

Answer briefly each of the following questions (i) to (x): [10 × 2] = [20 Marks]

(i) State the components of compensation employees.

(ii) Explain the shape Average Cost Curve.

(iii) Explain the demand curve for a necessity commodity.

(iv) Explain any two causes of disequilibrium in the balance of payments in an economy.

(v) What is meant by high-powered money?

(vi) The demand for a commodity at Rs 4 per unit is 100 units. The price of the commodity rises and as a result, its demand falls to 75 units. Find the new price if the price elasticity of demand of that commodity is 1.

(vii) Justify the following as price-takers/price-makers.

(a) an oligopoly market

(b) a perfectly competitive market.

(viii) If the value of the multiplier is 4, what will be the value of MPC and MPS?

(ix) Distinguish between intended supply and actual supply.

(x) What is mean by deficit financing?

VIEW SOLUTION

Question 2

(a) Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow:

[3]

(i) P_e is the equilibrium price. What would prompt the government to fix the price at P₁?

(ii) What would be the effect of fixing price at P₁?

(b) Discuss the effect of elasticity of demand on: [3]

(i) A commodity which has many substitutes.

(ii) A small part of individual's income spent on a commodity.

(c) (i) Study the schedule given below are identify how much of commodity A and commodity B will a utility maximising consumer buy: [6]

Units of A MU of A Units of B MU of B

1 10 1 30

2 8 2 24

6 6 3 20

4 4 4 16

5 2 5 14

6 1 6 8

Note: Price A = Rs 2, Price B = Rs 4, Income = Rs 20

(ii) Explain the law of equi-marginal utility, using the above schedule.

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Question 3

(a) Discuss how supply of labour is an exception to the law of supply. [3]

(b) According to the law of variable proportions, in which stage would a producer like to operate? Explain why? [3]

(c) Explain how a producer can attain equilibrium using TR and TC approach. [6]

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Question 4

(a) Explain the relationship between AC and MC with the help of a diagram. [3]

(b) Highlight any three differences between monopolistic competition and oligopoly. [3]

(c) A perfectly competitive firm can continue producing even if it is incurring losses in short-run equilibrium. Justify the given statement with the help of a diagram. [6]

VIEW SOLUTION

Question 5

(a) Differentiated with the help of a diagram, contraction in supply and decrease in supply. [3]

(b) Identify the market where a firm is not required to reduce the price is sell more.
Explain the behaviour of TR and MR. [3]

(c) Explain how a consumer attains equilibrium using the indifference curve analysis. [6]

VIEW SOLUTION

Question 6

(a) Discuss two contingent functions of money. [3]

(b) Explain the role of the Reserve Bank of India with respect to: [3]

(i) Custodian of foreign exchange

(ii) Promotional and developmental functions

(c) Discuss how exchange rate is determined under flexible exchange rate system. [6]

VIEW SOLUTION

Question 7

(a) Explain how public expenditure can be used as a tool to attain economic stability. [3]

(b) Differentiate between degressive taxation and regressive taxation. [3]

(c) Explain the various components of the budget. [6]

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Question 8

(a) Discuss the mechanism of investment multiplier with the help of a numerical example. [3]

(b) Distinguish between marginal propensity to consume and marginal propensity to save. What is the relationship between the two? [3]

(c) Explain the determination of equilibrium level of output with the help of saving and investment curves. If savings exceed planned investment, what changes will bring about equaility between the two. [6]

VIEW SOLUTION

Question 9

(a) How can personal disposable income be derived from private income? [3]

(b) Explain any three precautions which should be taken while estimating national income by in curve method. [3]

(c) Calculate national income and operating surplus from the following data: [6]

Items Rs
(in crores)

(i) Government final consumption expenditure 800

(ii) Net factor income from abroad (–)110

(iii) Private final consumption expenditure 900

(iv) Net domestic capital formation 200

(v) Profits 220

(vi) Rent 90

(vii) Net exports (–) 25

(viii) Interest 100

(ix) Net indirect taxes 165

VIEW SOLUTION

Answer briefly each of the following questions (i) to (x): [10 × 2] = [20 Marks]
(i)	State the components of compensation employees.
(ii)	Explain the shape Average Cost Curve.
(iii)	Explain the demand curve for a necessity commodity.
(iv)	Explain any two causes of disequilibrium in the balance of payments in an economy.
(v)	What is meant by high-powered money?
(vi)	The demand for a commodity at Rs 4 per unit is 100 units. The price of the commodity rises and as a result, its demand falls to 75 units. Find the new price if the price elasticity of demand of that commodity is 1.
(vii)	Justify the following as price-takers/price-makers.
	(a) an oligopoly market
	(b) a perfectly competitive market.
(viii)	If the value of the multiplier is 4, what will be the value of MPC and MPS?
(ix)	Distinguish between intended supply and actual supply.
(x)	What is mean by deficit financing?

(a)	Discuss how supply of labour is an exception to the law of supply.	[3]
(b)	According to the law of variable proportions, in which stage would a producer like to operate? Explain why?	[3]
(c)	Explain how a producer can attain equilibrium using TR and TC approach.	[6]

(a)	Explain the relationship between AC and MC with the help of a diagram.	[3]
(b)	Highlight any three differences between monopolistic competition and oligopoly.	[3]
(c)	A perfectly competitive firm can continue producing even if it is incurring losses in short-run equilibrium. Justify the given statement with the help of a diagram.	[6]

(a)	Differentiated with the help of a diagram, contraction in supply and decrease in supply.	[3]
(b)	Identify the market where a firm is not required to reduce the price is sell more. Explain the behaviour of TR and MR.	[3]
(c)	Explain how a consumer attains equilibrium using the indifference curve analysis.	[6]

(a)	Discuss two contingent functions of money.	[3]
(b)	Explain the role of the Reserve Bank of India with respect to:	[3]
	(i) Custodian of foreign exchange
	(ii) Promotional and developmental functions
(c)	Discuss how exchange rate is determined under flexible exchange rate system.	[6]

(a)	Explain how public expenditure can be used as a tool to attain economic stability.	[3]
(b)	Differentiate between degressive taxation and regressive taxation.	[3]
(c)	Explain the various components of the budget.	[6]

(a)	Discuss the mechanism of investment multiplier with the help of a numerical example.	[3]
(b)	Distinguish between marginal propensity to consume and marginal propensity to save. What is the relationship between the two?	[3]
(c)	Explain the determination of equilibrium level of output with the help of saving and investment curves. If savings exceed planned investment, what changes will bring about equaility between the two.	[6]

(a)	How can personal disposable income be derived from private income?			[3]
(b)	Explain any three precautions which should be taken while estimating national income by in curve method.			[3]
(c)	Calculate national income and operating surplus from the following data:			[6]
	Items		Rs (in crores)
	(i)	Government final consumption expenditure	800
	(ii)	Net factor income from abroad	(–)110
	(iii)	Private final consumption expenditure	900
	(iv)	Net domestic capital formation	200
	(v)	Profits	220
	(vi)	Rent	90
	(vii)	Net exports	(–) 25
	(viii)	Interest	100
	(ix)	Net indirect taxes	165