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Board Paper of Class 12-Commerce 2010 Economics (SET 1) - Solutions

General Instructions:
(i) All questions in both the sections are compulsory.
(ii) Marks for questions are indicated against each.
(iii) Questions Nos. 1-5 and 17-21 are very short-answer questions carrying 1 mark each. They are required to be answered in one sentence each
(iv) Questions Nos. 6-10 and 22-26 are short-answer questions carrying 3 marks each. Answers to them should normally not exceed 60 words each.
(v) Questions Nos. 11-13 and 27-29 are also short-answer questions carrying 4 marks each. Answers to them should normally not exceed 70 words each.
(vi) Questions Nos. 14-16 and 30-32 are long-answer questions carrying 6 marks each. Answers to them should normally not exceed 100 words each.
(vii) Answers should be brief and to the point and the above word limits should be adhered to as far as possible.




  • Question 2

    What is meant by inferior good in economics?

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  • Question 3

    In which market form can a firm not influence the price of the product?

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  • Question 5

    What can you say about the number of buyers and sellers under monopolistic competition?

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  • Question 6

    Explain the effect of the following on the price elasticity of demand of a commodity:

    (i) Number of substitutes

    (ii) Nature of the commodity

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  • Question 7

    Explain any two causes of ‘increase’ in demand of a commodity.

    OR

    Explain the inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded of a commodity.

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  • Question 8

    A firm’s average fixed cost, when it produces 2 units, is Rs 30. Its average total cost schedule is given below. Calculate its marginal cost and average variable cost at each level of output.

    Output (units)

    1

    2

    3

    Average Total Cost (Rs)

    80

    48

    40

     

    VIEW SOLUTION


  • Question 9

    Total revenue is Rs 400 when the price of the commodity is Rs 2 per unit. When price rises to Rs 3 per unit, the quantity supplied is 300 units. Calculate the price elasticity of supply.

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  • Question 10

    Why is the number of firms small in an oligopoly market? Explain.

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  • Question 11

    Explain the problem of ‘how to produce’.

    OR

    Distinguish between microeconomics and macroeconomics. Give examples

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  • Question 12

    When price of a commodity falls by Rs 1 per unit, its quantity demanded rises by 3 units. Its price elasticity of demand is (−) 2. Calculate its quantity demanded if the price before the change was Rs 10 per unit.

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  • Question 13

    How does the equilibrium price of a ‘normal’ commodity change when income of its buyers falls? Explain the chain effects.

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  • Question 14

    State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reasons for your answer:

    (i) When marginal revenue is constant and not equal to zero, then total revenue will also be constant.

    (ii) As soon as marginal cost starts rising, average variable cost also starts rising.

    (iii) Total product always increases whether there is increasing returns or diminishing returns to a factor.

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  • Question 15

    What are the conditions of consumer’s equilibrium under the indifference curve approach? What changes will take place if the conditions are not fulfilled to reach equilibrium?

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  • Question 16

    From the following schedule find out the level of output at which the producer is in equilibrium, using marginal cost and marginal revenue approach. Give reasons for your answer.

    Price per unit

    (Rs)

    Output

    (Units)

    Total Cost

    (Rs)

    8

    1

    6

    7

    2

    11

    6

    3

    15

    5

    4

    18

    4

    5

    23

    OR

    Explain the law of returns to a factor with the help of total product and marginal product schedule.

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  • Question 20

    Give the meaning of inflationary gap.

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  • Question 21

    State two sources of demand for foreign exchange.

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  • Question 22

    Distinguish between real and nominal gross domestic product.

    OR

    Giving reasons, classify the following into intermediate and final goods.

    (i) Machines purchased by a dealer of machines.

    (ii) A car purchased by a household.

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  • Question 23

    Explain the ‘banker to the government’ function of the central bank.

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  • Question 25

    Distinguish between autonomous and accommodating transactions of balance of payments account.

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  • Question 26

    Giving two examples, explain why there is a rise in demand for a foreign currency when its price falls.

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  • Question 27

    How does a commercial bank create money?

    OR

    Explain how do ‘open market operations’ by the central bank affect money creation by commercial bank.

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  • Question 28

    Giving reasons, state whether the following statements are true or false:

    (i) When marginal propensity to consume is zero, the value of investment multiplier will also be zero.

    (ii) Value of average propensity to save can never be less than zero.

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  • Question 29

    Distinguish between:

    (i) Capital expenditure and Revenue expenditure

    (ii) Fiscal deficit and primary deficit

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  • Question 30

    How will you treat the following while estimating national income of India? Give reasons for your answer.

    (i) Dividend received by a foreigner from investment in shares of an Indian company.

    (ii) Profits earned by a branch of an Indian bank in Canada.

    (iii) Scholarship given to Indian students studying in India by a foreign company.

    OR

    Explain the problem of double counting in estimating national income, with the help of an example. Also explain two alternative ways of avoiding the problem.

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  • Question 31

    In an economy the equilibrium level of income is Rs. 12,000 crores. The ratio of marginal propensity to consume and marginal propensity to save is 3 : 1. Calculate the additional investment needed to reach a new equilibrium level of income of Rs. 20,000 crores.

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  • Question 32

    Calculate (a) Gross domestic product at market price, and (b) Factor income from abroad from the following data:

    S. No.

    Items

    Amount

    (Rs in crore)

    (i)

    Profits

    500

    (ii)

    Exports

    40

    (iii)

    Compensation of employees

    1,500

    (iv)

    Gross national product at factor cost

    2,800

    (v)

    Net current transfers from rest of the world

    90

    (vi)

    Rent

    300

    (vii)

    Interest

    400

    (viii)

    Factor income to abroad

    120

    (ix)

    Net indirect taxes

    250

    (x)

    Net domestic capital formation

    650

    (xi)

    Gross fixed capital formation

    700

    (xii)

    Change in stock

    50

     

    VIEW SOLUTION
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