Board Paper of Class 12-Science 2012 Physics (SET 2) - Solutions

A test charge ‘q’ is moved without acceleration from A to C along the path from A to B and then from B to C in electric field E as shown in the figure. (i) Calculate the potential difference between A and C. (ii) At which point (of the two) is the electric potential more and why?

An electric dipole is held in a uniform electric field.

(i) Show that the net force acting on it is zero.

(ii) The dipole is aligned parallel to the field. Find the work done in rotating it through the angle of 180°.

State the underlying principle of a transformer. How is the large scale transmission of electric energy over long distances done with the use of transformers?

A capacitor of capacitance ‘C’ is being charged by connecting it across a dc source along with an ammeter. Will the ammeter show a momentary deflection during the process of charging? If so, how would you explain this momentary deflection and the resulting continuity of current in the circuit? Write the expression for the current inside the capacitor.

An object AB is kept in front of a concave mirror as shown in the figure.

(i) Complete the ray diagram showing the image formation of the object.

(ii) How will the position and intensity of the image be affected if the lower half of the mirror’s reflecting surface is painted black?

Draw a labeled ray diagram of a reflecting telescope. Mention its two advantages over the refracting telescope.

Describe briefly with the help of a circuit diagram, how the flow of current carriers in a p-n-p transistor is regulated with emitter-base junction forward biased and base-collector junction reverse biased.

In the given block diagram of a receiver, identify the boxes labeled as X and Y and write their functions.

A light bulb is rated 100 W for 220 V ac supply of 50 Hz. Calculate

(i) The resistance of the bulb;

(ii) The rms current through the bulb.

OR

An alternative voltage given by V = 140 sin 314t is connected across a pure resistor of 50 Ω. Find

(i) The frequency of the source.

(ii) The rms current through the resistor.

A circular coil of N turns and radius R carries a current I. It is unwound and rewound to make another coil of radius R/2, current I remaining the same. Calculate the ratio of the magnetic moments of the new coil and original coil.

You are given three lenses L₁, L₂ and L₃ each of focal length 15 cm. A object is kept at 20 cm in front of L₁, as shown. The final real image is formed at the focus ‘I’ of L₃. Find the separation between L₁, L₂ and L₃.

Define the terms (i) ‘cut-off voltage’ and (ii) ‘threshold frequency’ in relation to the phenomenon of photoelectric effect.

Using Einstein’s photoelectric equation shows how the cut-off voltage and threshold frequency for a given photosensitive material can be determined with the help of a suitable plot/graph.

Mention three different modes of propagation used in communication system. Explain with the help of a diagram how long distance communication can be achieved by ionospheric reflection of radio waves.

Deduce the expression for the electrostatic energy stored in a capacitor of capacitance 'C' and having charge 'Q'.

How will the (i) energy stored and (ii) the electric field inside the capacitor be affected when it is completely filled with a dielectric material of dielectric constant K?

Calculate the value of the resistance R in the circuit shown in the figure so that the current in the circuit is 0.2 A. What would b the potential difference between points A and B?

A series LCR circuit is connected to an ac source. Using the phasor diagram, derive the expression for the impedance of the circuit. Plot a graph to show the variation of current with frequency of the source, explaining the nature of its variation.

Define relaxation time of the free electrons drifting in a conductor. How is it related to the drift velocity of free electrons? Use this relation to deduce the expression for the electrical resistivity of the material.

Draw a plot of potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a function of their separations. Mark the regions where the nuclear force is (i) attractive and (ii) repulsive. Write any two characteristic features of nuclear forces.

In a Geiger-Marsden experiment, calculate the distance of closest approach to the nucleus of Z = 75, when a α-particle of 5 MeV energy impinges on it before it comes momentarily to rest and reverses its direction.

How will the distance of closest approach be affected when the kinetic energy of the α-particle is doubles?

OR

The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is −13.6 eV. If an electron make a transition from an energy level −0.85 eV to −1.51 eV, calculate the wavelength of the spectral line emitted. To which series of hydrogen spectrum does this wavelength belong?

(a) Describe briefly, with the help of a diagram, the role of the two important processes involved in the formation of a p-n junction.

(b) Name the device which is used as a voltage regulator. Draw the necessary circuit diagram and explain its working.

OR

(a) Explain briefly the principle on which a transistor-amplifier works as an oscillator. Draw the necessary circuit diagram and explain its working.

(b) Identify the equivalent gate for the following circuit and write its truth table.

(a) Write the expression for the force,, acting on a charged particle of charge ‘q’, moving with a velocity in the presence of both electric field and magnetic field . Obtain the condition under which the particle moves undeflected through the fields.

(b) A rectangular loop of size l × b carrying a steady current I is placed in a uniform magnetic field . Prove that the torque acting on the loop is give by where is the magnetic moment of the loop.

OR

(a) Explain, giving reasons, the basic difference in converting a galvanometer into (i) a voltmeter and (ii) an ammeter.

(b) Two long straight parallel conductors carrying steady currents I₁ and I₂ are separated by a distance 'd'. Explain briefly, with the help of a suitable diagram, how the magnetic field due to one conductor acts on the other. Hence deduce the expression for the force acting between the two conductors. Mention the nature of this force.

(a) In Young's double slit experiment, derive the condition for

(i) constructive interference and

(ii) destructive interference at a point on the screen.

(b) A beam of light consisting of two wavelengths, 800 nm and 600 nm is used to obtain the interference fringes in a Young's double slit experiment on a screen placed 1 · 4 m away. If the two slits are separated by 0·28 mm, calculate the least distance from the central bright maximum where the bright fringes of the two wavelengths coincide.

OR

(a) How does an unpolarized light incident on a polaroid get polarized? Describe briefly, with the help of a necessary diagram, the polarization of light by reflection from a transparent medium.

(b) Two polaroids ‘A’ and ‘B’ are kept in crossed position. How should a third polaroid ‘C’ be placed between them so that the intensity of polarized light transmitted by polaroid B reduces to 1/8^th of the intensity of unpolarized light incident on A?