Ratna Sagar History Solutions for Class 6 Social science Chapter 9 - Life In Villages And Twons

Answer:

The correct answer is option (b).

Explanation: The enhanced use of iron in the field of agriculture increased the agricultural production. Iron axes were used to clear the forests. This enabled the expansion of the area under agriculture. Iron ploughshare was used to churn the fertile soil, hence increasing the productivity of the soil.

Answer:

 The correct answer is option (d).

Explanation: The use of money brought an end to the barter system. The end of barter system also ended the dependence on double coincidence of wants to initiate a transaction. Thus, now anyone who had a product in excess could sell it. Instead of goods, money became the token of exchange. This increased the possibility of easy buying and selling of products. With the greater use of money, trade flourished between different parts of the country and also between several countries such as India and the Roman Empire.

Answer:

The correct answer is option (c).

Explanation: Urbanisation implies to the growth of big cities and towns with modern amenities. The first urbanisation in Indian history was the period of the Indus Valley civilisation. Later in the 6th century BCE, the emergence of several Mahajanapadas initiated the next phase of urbanisation or the age of the second urbanisation in the country. 

Answer:

The correct answer is option (a).

Explanation: Broach and Sopara were the two most important trading centres. Trading centres were usually the hub of traders and businessmen. Guilds too were mostly seen in these cities.

Answer:

The correct answer is option (d).

Explanation: Mathura was the second  capital of Kushanas. Being a capital city, Mathura was the political and administrative centre of the Kushanas.

Answer:

The correct answer is option (b).

Explanation: Arikamedu, located near Puducherry, was an important coastal and port town in ancient India. As a coastal town, Arikamedu served as the focal point for trading with the Roman empire. It exported textiles, beads, precious stones, imported wine and olive oil from Rome.

Answer:

1. The given statement is true.

Explanation: Urbanisation has brought with it the opportunity for diversified options for occupation. Coin-making was one such occupation as money started to be readily used for economic transactions.

2.​The given statement is true.

Explanation: Every city was famous for one or other thing. Bead-making was an important industry that was concentrated in south Indian cities. Arikamedu, for instance, made impressive glass and stone beads.

3. ​The given statement is false.

Explanation: Arikamedu was excavated by British archaeologist Sir Mortimer Wheeler in the 1940s.

4. ​The given statement is false.

Explanation: Arikamedu, a coastal town, was an important trading settlement. The town imported wine and olives from Rome.  On the other hand, Mathura was a religious centre famous for its art and craft. Mathura was also the adminitrative centre of the Kushanas.

 

Answer:

1. Madurai/Varanasi------> Manufacturing cloth

2. Uraiyur---------------> Dyeing cloth

3. Mathura----------> Making sculptures

4. Arikamedu------> Making beads

Answer:

The period of study is known for expansion of trading. The members of the society involved in trading activities often formed trading communities. Usually different trading groups had different communities. These groups or communities were also known as shrenis or guilds.  Their functions were as follows:

• to provide training to craftsmen
• to act as the bank to the traders
• transport raw material to the craftsmen
• distribute finished goods in the market

Answer:

The age of Indus Valley civilisation is referred to as the first age of urbanisation in India. Followed by this age, the sixth century BCE again witnessed large scale agricultural production, enhancement of trade and commerce and emergence of cities. Thus, due to the growth of large scale urban centres and growth of economy, this period is also known as the age of second urbanisation.

Answer:

 Some important towns of this period were as follows:

• Mathura: Mathura was the second capital of the Kushanas. As a result, it emerged as a strong administrative centre. Due to the patronage of the Kushanas, art and culture also flourished in the town. The Mathura school of art is known for its artistic Buddhist sculptures. It was an important religious centre with several temples and monasteries.
• Arikamedu: Arikamedu, located near Puducherry, was an important coastal and port town in ancient India. As a coastal town, Arikamedu served as the focal point for trading with the Roman empire. It exported textiles, beads, precious stones, imported wine and olive oil from Rome.

Answer:

The enhanced use of iron in the field of agriculture increased the agricultural production. Iron axes were used to clear the forests. This enabled to expand the area under agriculture. Iron ploughshare was used to churn the fertile soil, hence increasing the productivity of the soil. Kings also helped to increase agricultural production by extending aid for building several irrigation structures such as tanks, canals and wells.

Answer:

Mathura was one of the prominent urban centres during ancient times. The importance of this town can be understood with the following points:

• It was a political and administrative centre of Kushanas.
• It was a religious centre with large number of temples and monasteries.
• It was strategically placed on trade route, which added to its wealth.
• It was a centre for art and craft. This town was engaged in making world-class sculptures.

Answer:

The rapid use of iron tools in the 6th century BCE enabled the villages to produce more cereals than what could be consumed within the village itself. The surplus produce was hence left to be sold in the market. 
On the other hand, once cereals or food grains started to be produced in abundance, not all people required to stick to cultivation. They could now take up any other sort of activity to earn a living. Thus, there appeared a diversity of products on offer. This diversity and surplus production of goods enabled the establishment of trading links. Widespread contacts between villages and towns were now possible.
The wide use of money also facilitated the trading. Buying and selling of goods was no longer restricted within the boundaries of the country, international trading links too were established.

Answer:

 Arikamedu was a coastal town of Indian territory. It was famous for bead-making and ivory-crafting. It is well-known that Arikamedu was a Roman trading settlement in India and this is evident from the fact that large number of Roman pottery including jars, vases and gold coins are found after excavation. Along with this ruins of some warehouse, believed to have been a a store-house of imported Roman goods has also been unearthed.

Answer:

The sixth century witnessed immense increase of agricultural production. The surplus produce could be traded to other kingdoms. This establishment of trade links enabled to foster better diplomatic relation. Firstly, kings benefitted from the cordial trading relations as it brought in wealth for the kingdom and establish peace with its neighbours too. Secondly, more production and trading also ensured more wealth in the hands of the people of the kingdom. Thus, the prosperity of the kingdom was an additional achievement of the ruler. 

Answer:

The age of first urbanisation is the period related to Harappan culture or the Indus Valley civilisation. It was the era of bronze age where iron was not known to people but still urban centres were developed. Town planning was a distinctive feature of that era. Art and craft was well-developed during the Harappan culture. This period was completely different from the pre-historic period settlement and that is why, this is often referred as the age of first urbanisation. The Indus Valley civilisation marked a shift of a tribal society to a civilised society.