Living Science 2020 2021 for Class 6 Science Chapter 4 - Sorting Materials Into Groups

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Two properties common to all form of matter are as follows:
a) All materials occupy space.
b) All materials have mass.

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Anything that occupies space and has mass is called matter. For eg. wood, iron, air, etc.

Those things which are not considered as matter are feelings of love and sadness. They do not occupy space and do not have mass.

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(a) The smallest particle of gold is the atom. Atom is composed of electron, proton, and neutron.

(b) Water is a molecule, its smallest particle is an atom.

 

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Objects are classified into a group on the basis of similar properties.

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Classification of objects on the basis of similar properties:
1. Appearance:
Some objects shine while some do not. For eg. iron is a shiny object while wood does not have any shine.

2. Texture:
Some objects have smooth surfaces while some have a rough surface. For eg. wood has rough surface while iron has plain surface.

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Water-soluble solid: Sugar

Water-soluble liquid: Alcohol

Water-soluble gas: Oxygen
 

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If the density of an object is slightly less that of water, then it will float on the surface of the water.
 

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Clear water is transparent because most of the light can pass through the clear water.

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Solids, liquids, and gases have different properties related to shape and volume because of the following reasons:

Solids have fixed shape and volume. For eg. iron, wood, etc.
Liquids have fixed volume but no fixed shape. For eg. milk, water, etc.
Gases have neither the fixed shape nor the volume. For eg. oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.

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(a) elements.
Periodic table consists of 118 different types of elements.
 

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(c) sound
Sound is a form of energy. Matter is something which occupies space and has mass.

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(d) grouping all things, living or non-living, on the basis of common properties.

Classification can be done in various ways, such as, living and non-living, man-made, or natural, etc.

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(b) it makes studying the properties of things much easier
Classification is used to make our work easy at home as well as school.

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(c) Matter takes up space and has mass.

Anything that occupies space and has mass is called matter. This includes all the matter in the universe.

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(d) none of these.

A solid has both definite shape and fixed volume. Liquid has no definite shape, but has a fixed volume. A gas has neither a definite shape nor a fixed volume.

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(b) molecules are tightly packed.

In solids, molecules are tightly packed and attractive forces between the molecules keep them closely packed to each other.

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(a) molecules are loosely packed.

In gases, molecules are far apart from each other and hardly experience any attractive forces between each other. As a result, gases have neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume.

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Wood is a natural material we get from trees.

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The amount of space something takes up is called volume.

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The smallest particle of an element is called an atom.

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The smallest particle of a compound is called a molecule.

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In the list given above, feelings is not a matter. Feelings is an emotion.

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The grouping together of things with similar properties is known as classification.

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The statement "classification is done only for living things" is false. Even non-living things can be classified. For example, non-living objects can be classified as solids, liquids or gases.

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Silk cloth has shine which cotton cloth does not.

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Gaseous state of matter can easily change its shape and volume.

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No, all liquids are not miscible with water. For example, water and oil are immiscible.

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Oxygen gas is soluble in water.

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If density of a solid > density of water, the solid will sink in water.

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The substance through which light can pass partially but you cannot see through it is called translucent.

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The five materials and things made from them are as follows:

1. Steel: Knives, utensils and cars are made of steel.
2. Wood: Chairs and tables are made from wood.
3. Cotton: Clothes are made of cotton.
4. Leather: Shoes and belts are made of leather.
5. Paper: Books, writing materials and writing pads are made of paper.

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Anything that occupies space and has mass is called matter.
Example: Water and air are matter, while feelings and sound are not matter.

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All matter is alike in the following ways:

1. All matter occupy space and the amount of space it occupies is volume.
2. All matter has mass that can be measured using a weighing balance.

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When we touch different types of materials, each materials feels different. This indicate the difference in texture of each material. The different feel of different materials to the touch is known as texture.
Example: Wood and metal feel different on touching.

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When iron comes into contact with air and water, it rusts and the surface looses its lustrous appearance. As a result, an iron rod used in construction does not shine. If the iron rod is rubbed with sand paper, then the layer of rust is removed and it becomes lustrous again.

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One can make a paper translucent by spreading few drops of oil on it. The part of paper sheet on which the oil is spread become translucent.

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Grouping of things with similar properties is called classification. We can classify different things based on whether they are living or non living, metals or non-metals. It is also possible to classify objects based on their size, solubility in water etc. 
By classifying things/objects we can make our work easy. For example an alphabetic classification of books in the library makes it easy to retrieve a certain book needed.

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Classification can be done on various different levels.
Living organisms can be classified into plants or animals. Plants can be further classified into flowering and non-flowering plants or on the basis of some other factors. Animals can be classified into sub categories such as insects, reptiles, fishes, mammals, etc.

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The three states of matter are as follows:
(i) Solids
(ii) Liquids
(iii) Gases
 

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When sugar is put into water, the water molecules break the sugar into individual molecules. These molecules of sugar are then dispersed throughout the water and are so small that they cannot be individually seen. In such a state, the sugar is said to have dissolved in water.

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Density is defined as the mass per unit volume of a substance.
A substance having a density greater than that of water will sink in it, for example, a piece of iron or aluminium. While, a substance which is less dense than water will float in it, for example, wood, cork or cotton.

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The crushable tumbler can be made of butter paper or of polystyrene. Both materials are light, relatively inexpensive, water proof and crushable.

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No, water molecules cannot cause the molecules in a piece of chalk to break apart because chalk is not soluble in water.

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Ice floats on water. As a result, it is evident that ice is less dense than water or water has greater density than ice.

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The force between the various states of matter depends upon the distance between the particles. Here, the nature of the molecule in both the phases i.e solid and liquid is same as well as the distance between the particles in both the cases is same, so force will remain the same in both cases.

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When we balance something, the material with heavy mass shifts the weight to one side.
Now, we know 
                          $$\begin{gathered} \mathrm{Mass}=\mathrm{Volume}\times \mathrm{Density} \\ \mathrm{Density}=\frac{\mathrm{Mass}}{\mathrm{Volume}} \end{gathered}$$
So, from the following figures, we can observe that A has a greater density than B.
C has a greater density than D as the volume is the same in both materials.
But we can't predict in the third case because in third case mass and volume both factors are increasing, so we can't judge which material has greater density.