Living Science 2020 2021 for Class 6 Science Chapter 1 - Sources Of Food

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In addition to providing energy to the body, food is required for the following functions:

1. It is needed by the body to perform growth and replacement of worn out cells.

2. It also helps in the protection of body from infections and maintenance of a healthy state.

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The animal that have broad and sharp teeth in the front and flat teeth at the back are herbivores. These organisms feed on plants and some of the examples of herbivores are cow, horse and deer. Thus, the animal in the given case would have fed on plant materials.

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A food chain can not start with an animal. This is because every food chain requires certain organisms that have the ability to produce their own food. In most of of the food chains, the food is produced by green plants. An animal can not produce its own food and thus, a food chain can not start with an animal.

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The given statement is false. This is because the food that we cook in the kitchens is originally prepared by the plants. A producer is an organism that has the ability to produce its food from non-living materials such as carbon dioxide, sunlight and water. Thus, we are not producers.

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(c) rice
Rice is obtained directly from plants. Honey is created by bees. Curd is obtained from milk. Eggs are obtained from chicken, ducks or domesticated birds.

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(b) Cheese
Cheese is obtained from milk which is obtained from animals such as cows, goats or buffaloes. However, pulses, cereals and sugar are obtained from plants.

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(a) Salt
Salt is obtained neither from animals nor from plants. Salt is either obtained by evaporating sea water or it is mined from salt mines.

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(c) Plants
The first link in any food chain are the plants. All other organisms in the food chain depend upon plants either directly, as in herbivores, or indirectly such as omnivores or carnivores for nutrition.

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(d) a tapeworm
Parasites eat food that is already digested by the host. The tapeworm is an intestinal parasite affecting human beings. Tapeworm infections are caused most commonly by the consumption of under cooked meat, fish or poultry.

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(a) Snake

Snakes have teeth while eagles, mosquitoes and tapeworms do not. All snakes, whether venomous or non-venomous, have teeth to help them hold down and swallow prey. In venomous snakes, there are modified teeth used to inject venom, known as fangs.

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Potato is an example of a stem that has food stored in it.

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Humans are omnivores as they consume both plant and animal products.

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Animals that feed upon dead bodies of other animals are known as scavengers.

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True. In case of herbivores with no natural predators, the food chain ends at the herbivore.

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The chemical substances in food that your body needs are called nutrients.

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No, all living things do not eat the same kind of food.

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Following are the sources from where we get the ingredients used in food:
(i) Plants
(ii) Animals
(iii) Earth

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Green plants use sunlight and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to produce carbohydrates by the process of photosynthesis. Since, plants produce food for themselves, they are known as producers.

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Example of edible plants are:

1. Banana: The fruit is edible. The centre of stem is also eaten. Less commonly, the flowers of the banana tree is also used as food.
2. Carrot: It is the root of the carrot plant.
3. Rice: The grains of rice that are eaten are the seeds of the rice plant.

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Scavenger consumes dead organisms and prevent them from accumulating in the environment, which may lead to the outbreak of diseases. Therefore, scavengers keep the environment clean. For example, termites consume the remains of dead plants, while vultures consume dead animals.

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Mosquitoes rely upon a liquid diet of either sap or nectar from plants (male mosquitoes) or blood (female mosquitoes carrying eggs). Since mosquitoes do not consume solids, they do not have teeth.

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Yes, I agree that we get our food items from plants and animals. All the foods that we eat are either derived from plants such as fruits, grains, vegetables, nuts etc., or they are derived from animals such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs, milk, cheese butter etc.

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Following are the steps involved in producing honey are:

1. Field bees, fly out from the honeycomb to find flowers and blossoms. They fly from flower to flower and suck out the nectar using their specially adapted tongues. Nectar is stored in special sacs in their bodies.
2. Once the field bees return to the honeycomb, the nectar they bring back is eaten by house bees, which add enzymes from their bodies to the nectar that turns the nectar into honey.
3. The house bees then regurgitate (remove from their bodies by spitting out through their mouths) the honey, which is stored in the cells of the honeycomb.

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The difference between herbivores, carnivores and omnivores are as follows:
 

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The main functions of food are as follows:

1. Food is a source of energy to the body. When we work with our bodies and perform activities like thinking, running, walking, jumping etc., we use the energy obtained from food.
2. The nutrients contained in food help the body grow and also repair itself by replacing dead and worn out cells.
3. The nutrients contained in food also help the body's immune system to safeguards the body against various diseases.

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A food chain is a sequence that shows how each living organism gets its food in a particular environment.
Example:

Plants$\to$grasshopper $\to$shrew $\to$owl

1. In the food chain shown, plants prepare food from sunlight, using carbon dioxide from the air by the process of photosynthesis. Since, the plant produces its own food, it is a producer.
2. The grasshopper eats the plants as food to get energy. It is therefore classified as a primary consumer.
3. A secondary consumer such as a shrew eats the grasshopper. As a result, a shrew lies one level above the grasshopper in the food chain.
4. The shrew in turn is food for a tertiary consumer such as an owl. In the example shown, the owl is at the uppermost level of the food chain.

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Carnivorous animals eat the flesh of other animals, while herbivorous animals eat plants. The teeth of carnivorous animals are adapted to tearing flesh and are usually long and sharp that serve an added function of puncturing vital organs and killing the prey.
The teeth of herbivorous animals are adapted to cutting and tearing leaves from plants and then crushing them. Therefore, herbivores have sharp front teeth to enable them to cut leaves and flat teeth at the rear of their mouth to enable them to crush the leaves or other plant material that is usually quite tough and fibrous.

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Parasites are organisms that depend upon other organisms for their food. The organism that a parasite depends upon for food is known as the host. The parasite is usually harmful to the health of the host and can even kill the host. Some examples of parasites are:

1. The Cuscuta plant is a parasitic plant that grows on other plants and inserts its root like projections known as haustoria into the host plant to suck out nutrients from the host plant. The Cuscuta plant does not have well developed leaves and relies mostly upon its host for obtaining food.
2. Mosquitoes, leeches and bed bugs are examples of parasites that survive on blood that they suck from humans and other animals. Since, these parasites live outside the body of the host, they are called ecto-parasites.

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Humans are omnivores and eat both plant and animal derived foods. Humans have canine teeth that are suitable for tearing flesh. However, canines are not well developed in humans as they are in carnivorous animals such as lions or tigers.

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If one of the organisms in the food chain disappears, then the entire food chain will collapse as the flow of the nutrition will get altered and that will eventually cause death of other organisms of that food chain that are at higher levels.

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1. Food chain I -

Roots →Earthworms→Sparrows →Eagles

Food chain II -

Berries →Flies →Frog →Eagles

2. Eagles keep a check on the population of squirrels. If all the eagles are killed, the population of squirrels would increase tremendously. An increase in the population of squirrels mean large scale destruction of nuts, the products on which they primarily feed on.

Eagles also feed on sparrows and keep a check on their population as well. Killing of eagles means, increased population of sparrows. As, the population of sparrows would increase, so will their demand for food. They feed on earthworms and large scale consumption of these may result in the extinction of earthworms. Also, earthworms are called a farmer's friend. In their absence, the agriculture would also be affected.

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The slogan reminds us, that we should always value the contribution of a farmer and soldier. It emphasis on the fact that our existence is owed to these people. 
The other people in our life whom we can pay a similar tribute are our parents and teachers. They are the guiding lights who help us to understand the value of everything in our life.