NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science

Science NCERT Grade 8, Chapter 1, Crop Production and Management gives an insight into concepts associated with basic agricultural practices. It is a chapter which makes the students wonder about the science involved in agriculture. Types of crops and the activities involved in the cultivation of crops (agricultural practices) are extensively discussed. Important terms like crop rotation, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation and animal husbandry are explained under different sections of the chapter, Crop Production and Management. An entire chapter is enriched with examples, activities and diagrams which makes it more readable. The chapter, Crop Production and Management is summarized at the end and the assessment of understanding of the concepts is done by providing a set of exercises consisting of 11 questions. The questions at the end of the chapter are of different types, ranging from fill in the blanks, match the column and long answer questions.

Science NCERT Grade 8, Chapter 2, Microorganisms: Friends and Foe introduces students to the world of microbes and presents detailed information on them. Different types of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, protozoa and algae are discussed in detail with the help of diagrams, examples and activities. The friendly and harmful microorganisms are explained along with their advantages and disadvantages respectively. Various commercial applications of microorganisms are also covered.
Apart from this, the diseases caused by microorganisms in humans, plants and animals are also listed. The detailed procedure of the nitrogen cycle is covered in the last part of the discussion of the chapter Microorganisms: Friends and Foe. Summarization of all the important points is cited at the end of the chapter, Microorganisms: Friends and Foe followed by exercises.

Science NCERT Grade 8, Chapter 3, Synthetic Fibres and Plastics goes a little deeper into the concepts of fibres and lays emphasis on synthetic fibres. In the first half of the chapter Synthetic Fibres and Plastics, the focus is majorly given on synthetic fibres and different types of synthetic fibres, their properties and examples along with the activities associated with it.
In the second half of the chapter, Synthetic Fibres and Plastics, various characteristic properties of plastics are explained using activities, figures and examples. Towards the end of the chapter, the negative effects of using plastics and some eco-friendly habits are discussed. Finally, the chapter ends with a summary of all the important points and a set of 15 different questions. These set of 15 questions include different types of questions which judge the understanding of the concepts from different aspects.

Science NCERT Grade 8, Chapter 4, Materials: Metals and Non-metals deals with the basic concepts that a student would require to gain knowledge about metals and non-metals and its associated principles. The chapter, Materials: Metals and Non-metals cover the concepts such as Physical properties of metals and non-metals, Chemical properties of metals and non-metals and Uses of metals and non-metals in an extensive manner.

Each section is enriched with examples, activities and diagrams which makes the understanding of the concept easier. Summarization of all the important points of the chapter is cited at the end of the chapter, Materials: Metals and Non-Metals followed by exercises consisting of different types of questions which tests the understanding of the chapter.

Science NCERT Grade 8, Chapter 5, Coal and Petroleum covers the basic concepts associated with some natural resources, especially exhaustible natural resources like coal, petroleum and natural gas. Each of the above mentioned natural resources is explained along with examples, activities and figures.
Some useful products obtained from these resources are also mentioned like coke, coal tar and coal gas. The need to use these exhaustible natural resources wisely is covered in the last part of the discussion. The entire chapter, Coal and Petroleum is summarized at the end with a focus on important points. A set of exercise follows the summary so as to test the understanding of the chapter, Coal and Petroleum. The questions include fill in the blanks, true or false, short answer and long answer questions.

Science NCERT Grade 8, Chapter 6, Combustion and Flame gives an insight into the chemical process of burning and the types of flames produced during this process. The process of combustion is explained with the help of examples and activities. Concept of combustible and non-combustible substances is included as well.
The term ignition temperature is defined and explained in a detailed manner. Some examples of inflammable substances are also included in the chapter, Combustion and Flame. Types of combustion are discussed comprehensively. Moreover, an extensive coverage on the concept of flame and structure of a flame is covered in the chapter. The discussion ends with information on fuel efficiency. The chapter ends with a summary. Conceptual knowledge of the chapter Combustion and Flame is tested with the help of exercises consisting of 13 questions. 

Science NCERT Grade 8, Chapter 7, Conservation of Plants and Animals deals with some important concepts related to the conservation of plants and animals. The focus is given upon topics such as deforestation, conservation of forest and wildlife, protected areas, flora and fauna, endemic species, Red Data Book and reforestation in the chapter Conservation of Plants and Animals. The entire chapter is enriched with examples, activities and figures making it more readable. 

The chapter Conservation of Plants and Animals is summarized at the end and the assessment of understanding of the concepts is done by providing a set of exercises consisting of 11 questions.

Science NCERT Grade 8, Chapter 8, Cell - Structure and Functions lays emphasis on the basic structural unit of an organ - the cell. Topics like the discovery of the cell, variety in cell number, shape and size of the organism, cell structure and functions, and different parts of the cell are covered in detail. Each topic is supplemented with examples and labelled diagrams so as to make the chapter more engaging. Differences between animal cell and plant cell are also taken into consideration. The entire chapter, Cell - Structure and Functions is summarized at the end with a focus on important points. A set of exercise consisting of 10 questions follows the summary so as to test the understanding of the chapter, Cell - Structure and Functions.

Science NCERT Grade 8, Chapter 9, Reproduction in animals deals with how the process of reproduction takes place in animals. The chapter covers the important topics such as modes of reproduction, sexual reproduction, male reproductive organs, female reproductive organs, fertilization and development of an embryo.
In addition to this, the chapter, Reproduction in animals focuses on the understanding of viviparous and oviparous animals and the process of asexual reproduction.

All of the above topics are supplemented with labelled diagrams and suitable examples.

The chapter, Reproduction in animals is summarized at the end and the assessment of understanding of the concepts is done with the help of exercises consisting of 10 questions.

Science NCERT Grade 8, Chapter 10, Reaching the Age of Adolescence focuses on the changes that take place in a human body after which a person becomes capable of reproduction. Important concepts like adolescence and puberty and the changes that take place during puberty are explained in detail in the chapter, Reaching the Age of Adolescence.  The role of hormones in initiating reproductive functions is covered thoroughly. Discussion on the reproductive phase of human life along with definitions of menstruation and menarche are also mentioned. Process of sex determination of a baby is explained in detail in the chapter, Reaching the Age of Adolescence. Towards the end, the importance of good reproductive health is covered in the chapter. The entire chapter, Reaching the Age of Adolescence is summarized at the end with a focus on important points. A set of exercise follows the summary so as to test the understanding of the chapter.

Science NCERT Grade 8, Chapter 11, Force and Pressure deals with the basic concepts that a student would require to gain knowledge about force and its associated concepts. The chapter focuses on the characteristics of force and the ways in which force can be generated. Moreover, the changes brought about the application of force is also discussed. The concept of contact and non-contact forces are taken into consideration in the chapter, Force and Pressure along with suitable examples. In addition to this, the concept of pressure and associated topics are also covered in the chapter.

Each section is supplemented with numerous definitions, examples, activities, and images which makes it more engaging. The chapter, Force and Pressure end with a summary along with a set of exercises, mentioned at the end of the chapter so as to test the conceptual understanding.

Science NCERT Grade 8, Chapter 12, Friction gives an insight into concepts associated with friction. The chapter begins with an explanation of friction with the help of activities. Factors affecting friction is also discussed using activities. The next important concept of why friction is a necessary evil is dealt with in detail in the chapter Friction. Ways of minimizing friction are also included in the discussion.

Moreover, how wheels reduce friction and the concept of fluid friction is also taken into consideration in the chapter. The entire chapter, Friction is enriched with examples, activities and diagrams which makes it more readable. The chapter is summarized at the end and the assessment of understanding of the concepts is done by providing a set of exercises consisting of 10 questions.

Science NCERT Grade 8, Chapter 13, Sound deals with the fundamentals of sound and its related aspects. The chapter consists of various important concepts such as the sound produced by a vibrating body and the mechanism of sound produced by humans. Apart from this, the chapter explains the characteristics of sound like sound needs a medium for propagation, loudness and pitch, audible and inaudible sound, differences between noise and music. The detailed mechanism of how the human ear is mentioned in the chapter. In addition to this, the concept of Noise pollution and Measures to limit noise pollution are included in the chapter.

Chapter Sound is summarized at the end. The assessment of understanding of the concepts is done through a set of exercises consisting of 13 questions in the form of MCQs, fill in the blanks and descriptive questions.

Science NCERT Grade 8, Chapter 14, Chemical Effects of Electric Current deals with the basic concepts that a student would require to gain knowledge about how the electric current behaves while passing through chemicals i.e. substances in a liquid state. Some good conductors and bad conductors of electricity in the liquid state are discussed in the chapter.
The concept of electroplating and its applications are also taken into consideration in the chapter, Chemical Effects of Electric Current.  Each section is supplemented with numerous definitions, examples, activities, and images which makes it more engaging. The chapter ends with a summary along with a set of exercises mentioned at the end of the chapter, Chemical Effects of Electric Current so as to test the conceptual understanding.

Science NCERT Grade 8, Chapter 15, Some Natural Phenomena discusses the two destructive natural phenomena. These are lightning and earthquakes along with a discussion on what steps we can take to minimise the destruction caused by these phenomena.

The chapter, Some Natural Phenomena focuses on the concepts of lightning and types of charges and their interactions along with the transfer of charge in an extensive way. The Story of Lightning and lightning safety is also mentioned in the chapter. In addition to this, the emphasis is laid on the concepts associated with earthquakes.

Science NCERT Grade 8, Chapter 16, Light deals with the fundamentals associated with light. The chapter covers some important concepts like laws of reflection of light. Both the laws are stated in the chapter with suitable diagrams. The formation of images by a plane mirror is also dealt with in detail in the chapter, Light. Differences between regular and diffused reflection are mentioned in the chapter. The detailed structure and working of the human eye along with a labelled diagram showing different parts of the human eye is included in the chapter, Light.
Apart from this, Information on the blind spot, eyes of butterfly and dispersion of light is also provided in the chapter, Light. Each section is supplemented with numerous definitions, examples, activities, and images which makes it more engaging. The chapter ends with a summary along with a set of exercises, mentioned at the end of the chapter so as to test the conceptual understanding.

Science NCERT Grade 8, Chapter 17, Stars and the Solar System introduces the students to the world of stars and solar system. As the name suggests, this chapter deals with the celestial bodies found in the solar system. The important celestial objects covered in the chapter are Moon, Stars, Constellations, Planets of the solar system.

Science NCERT Grade 8, Chapter 18, Pollution of Air and Water gives an insight into the two major environmental issues i.e. air pollution and water pollution. It tries to create awareness amongst students and highlight the roles which they can play as an individual in fighting against these demons of the environment. The chapter covers two important aspects of pollution i.e. factors which lead to air and water pollution and measures to control the harmful effects of air pollution and water pollution. In order to provide an explanation based on real-life instances, the air pollution and water pollution are discussed with the help of case studies of Taj Mahal and Ganga river respectively.
Greenhouse effect and global warming are also covered in the chapter, Pollution of Air and Water. Apart from this, the process of water purification including a diagrammatic view of a water treatment plant is mentioned in the chapter. The entire chapter, Pollution of Air and Water is enriched with examples, activities and diagrams which makes it more readable. The chapter is summarized at the end and the assessment of understanding of the concepts is done by providing a set of exercises consisting of 11 questions.