Rd Sharma 2019 2020 Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 27 Introduction To Graphs are provided here with simple step-by-step explanations. These solutions for Introduction To Graphs are extremely popular among Class 8 students for Maths Introduction To Graphs Solutions come handy for quickly completing your homework and preparing for exams. All questions and answers from the Rd Sharma 2019 2020 Book of Class 8 Maths Chapter 27 are provided here for you for free. You will also love the ad-free experience on Meritnation’s Rd Sharma 2019 2020 Solutions. All Rd Sharma 2019 2020 Solutions for class Class 8 Maths are prepared by experts and are 100% accurate.
Page No 27.15:
Question 1:
The following table shows the number of patients discharged from a hospital with HIV diagnosis in different years:
| Years: | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 |
| Number of patients: | 150 | 170 | 195 | 225 | 230 |
Answer:
Here, years is an independent variable and the number of patients is a dependent variable. So, we take years on the x-axis and the number of patients on the y-axis.
Let us choose the following scale:
On x-axis: 2 cm = 1 year
On y-axis: 1 cm = 10 patients
Also, let us assume that on the x-axis, origin (O) represents 2001 and on the y-axis, origin (O) represents 120, i.e. O (2001, 120).
Now, let us plot (2002, 150), (2003, 170), (2004, 195), (2005, 225), (2006, 230). These points are joined to get the graph representing the given information as shown in the figure below.
Page No 27.15:
Question 2:
The following table shows the amount of rice grown by a farmer in different years:
| Years: | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 |
| Rice grown (in quintals): | 200 | 180 | 240 | 260 | 250 | 200 | 270 |
Answer:
Here, year is an independent variable and quantity of rice grown is a dependent variable. So, we take years on the x-axis and quantity of rice grown on the y-axis.
Let us choose the following scale:
On x-axis: 2 cm = 1 year
On y-axis: 1 cm = 20 quintals
Let us assume that the origin O represents the coordinates (1999, 160).
Now, let us plot (2000, 200), (2001, 180), (2002, 240), (2003, 260), (2004, 250),(2005, 200),(2006, 270). These points are joined to get the graph representing the given information as shown in the figure below.
Page No 27.15:
Question 3:
The following table gives the information regarding the number of persons employed to a piece of work and time taken to complete the work:
| Number of persons: | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 |
| Time taken (in days): | 12 | 6 | 4 | 3 |
Answer:
Here, number of persons is an independent variable and time taken is a dependent variable. So, we take the number of persons on the x-axis and time taken on the y-axis.
Let us choose the following scale:
On x-axis: 2 cm = 2 persons
On y-axis: 2 cm = 2 days
Now, let us plot (2, 12), (4, 6), (6, 4), (8, 3). These points are joined to get the graph representing the given information as shown in the figure below.
Page No 27.15:
Question 4:
The following table gives the information regarding length of a side of a square and its area:
| Length of a side (in cm): | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Area of square (in cm2): | 1 | 4 | 9 | 16 | 25 |
Answer:
Here, length of a side is an independent variable and area of square is a dependent variable. So, we take length of a side on the x-axis and area of square on the y-axis.
Let us choose the following scale:
On x-axis: 2 cm = 1 cm
On y-axis: 1 cm = 2 cm2
Now we plot (1,1), (2,4), (3,9), (4,16), (5,25). These points are joined to get the graph representing the given information as shown in the figure below.
Page No 27.16:
Question 5:
The following table shows the sales of a commodity during the years 2000 to 2006.
| Years: | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 |
| Sales (in lakhs of Rs): | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 5.4 | 7.8 | 8.6 |
Answer:
Here, year is an independent variable and sales is a dependent variable. So, we take year on the x-axis and sales on the y-axis.
Let us choose the following scale:
On x-axis: 2 cm = 1 year
On y-axis: 2 cm = 1 lakh rupees
Assume that on x-axis, origin (O) represents 1991.
So, the coordinates of O are (1991,0).
Now, let us plot (2000, 1.5), (2001, 1.8), (2002, 2.4), (2003, 3.2), (2004, 5.4), (2005, 7.8) and (2006, 8.6). These points are joined to get the graph representing the given information as shown in the figure below.
Page No 27.16:
Question 6:
Draw the temperature-time graph in each of the following cases:
(i)
| Time (in hours): | 7:00 | 9:00 | 11:00 | 13:00 | 15:00 | 17:00 | 19:00 | 21:00 |
| Temperature (°F) in: | 100 | 101 | 104 | 102 | 100 | 99 | 100 | 98 |
(ii)
| Time (in hours): | 8:00 | 10:00 | 12:00 | 14:00 | 16:00 | 18:00 | 20:00 |
| Temperature (°F) in: | 100 | 101 | 104 | 103 | 99 | 98 | 100 |
Answer:
Here, time is an independent variable and temperature is a dependent variable. So, we take time on the x-axis and temperature on the y-axis.
Let us choose the following scale:
For point (i):
On x-axis: 1 cm = 1 hours
On y-axis: 1 cm = 2οF
For point (ii):
On x-axis: 2 cm = 2 hours
On y-axis: 1 cm = 1οF
Let us assume that on the x-axis, the coordinate of origin is 6:00.
On y-axis, the coordinate of origin is 94οF .
So, the coordinates of O are (6:00, 94).
Now, let us plot (7:00, 100), (9:00, 101), (11:00, 104),..(21:00, 98) for point (i) and (8:00, 100), (10:00, 101), (12:00, 104),...,(20:00, 100) for point (ii). These points are joined to get the graphs representing the given information as shown in the figures below.
(i)
(ii)
Page No 27.16:
Question 7:
Draw the velocity-time graph from the following data:
| Time (in hours): | 7:00 | 8:00 | 9:00 | 10:00 | 11:00 | 12:00 | 13:00 | 14:00 |
| Speed (in km/hr): | 30 | 45 | 60 | 50 | 70 | 50 | 40 | 45 |
Answer:
Here, time is an independent variable and speed is a dependent variable. So, we take time on the x-axis and speed on the y-axis.
Let us choose the following scale:
On x-axis: 2 big division = 1 hour
On y-axis: 1 big division = 10 km/hr
Let us assume that on the x-axis, the coordinate of origin (O) is 7:00.
So, the coordinates of O are (7:00,0).
Now, let us plot (7:00,30), (8:00,45), (9:00,60), (10:00,50), (11:00,70), (12:00,50), (13:00,40), (14:00,45). These points are joined to get the graph representing the given information as shown in the figure below.
Page No 27.16:
Question 8:
The runs scored by a cricket team in first 15 overs are given below:
| Overs: | I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | IX | X | XI | XII | XIII | XIV | XV |
| Runs: | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 21 | 5 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 12 |
Answer:
Here, over is an independent variable and run is a dependent variable. So, we take overs on the x-axis and runs the on y-axis.
Let us choose the following scale:
On x-axis: 1 cm = 1 over
On y-axis: 1 cm = 2 runs
Now, let us plot (I,2), (II,1), (III,4),...,(XV,12). These points are joined to get the graph representing the given information as shown in the figure below.
Page No 27.16:
Question 9:
The runs scored by two teams A and B in first 10 overs are given below:
| Overs: | I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | IX | X |
| Team A: | 2 | 1 | 8 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 10 | 6 | 2 |
| Team B: | 5 | 6 | 2 | 10 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 10 |
Answer:
Here, over is an independent variable and run is a dependent variable. So, we take overs on x-axis and runs on y-axis.
Let us choose the following scale:
On x-axis: 1 cm = 1 over
On y-axis: 1 cm = 1 run
Now, let us plot (I,2), (II,1), (III,8),...,(X,2) for team A and (I,5), (II,6), (III,8),....(X,10) for team B. These points are joined to get the graph representing the given information as shown in the figure below.
Page No 27.5:
Question 1:
Plot the points (5, 0), (5, 1), (5, 8). Do they lie on a line? What is your observation?
Answer:
Take a point O on the graph paper and draw horizontal and vertical lines OX and OY respectively.
Then, let on the x-axis and y axis 1 cm represents 1 unit.
In order to plot point (5, 0), we start from the origin O and move 5 cm along OX. The point we arrive at is point (5,0).
To plot point (5, 1), we move 5 cm along OX and 1 cm along OY. The point we arrive at is point (5,1).
To plot point (5,8), we move 5 cm along OX and 8 cm along OY. The point we arrive at is point (5,8).
From the graph below, it can be seen that the points lie on a line parallel to y-axis. This is because they have the same x-coordinate.
Page No 27.5:
Question 2:
Plot the points (2, 8), (7, 8) and (12, 8). Join these points in pairs. Do they lie on a line? What do you observe?
Answer:
Take a point O on the graph paper and draw the horizontal and vertical lines OX and OY respectively.
Then, let on the x-axis and y axis 1 cm represents 1 unit.
In order to plot point (2, 8), we start from the origin O and move 8 cm along OX. The point we arrive at is (2, 8).
To plot point (7, 8), we move 7 cm along OX and 8 cm along OY. The point we arrive at is (7, 8).
To plot point (12, 8), we move 12 cm along OX and 8 cm along OY. The point we arrive at is (12,8).
From the graph below, it can be seen that the points lie on a line parallel to x-axis because they have the same y-coordinate.
Page No 27.5:
Question 3:
Locate the points:
(i) (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4)
(ii) (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4)
(iii) (1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 3), (4, 3)
(iv) (1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 4).
Answer:
(i) In order to plot these points, the given steps are to be followed:
Take a point O on a graph paper and draw horizontal and vertical lines OX and OY respectively.
Then, let on x-axis and y axis 1 cm represents 1 unit.
In order to plot point (1, 1), we start from the origin O and move 2 cm along OX and 1 cm along OY. The point we arrive at is (1, 1).
To plot point (1, 2), we move 1 cm along OX and 2 cm along OY. The point we arrive at is (1, 2).
To plot point (1, 3), we move 1 cm along OX and 3 cm along OY. The point we arrive at is (1, 3).
To plot point (1, 4), we move 1 cm along OX and 4 cm along OY. The point we arrive at is (1, 4).
(ii) Follow the steps mentioned in point (i).
(iii) Follow the steps mentioned in point (i).
(iv) Follow the steps mentioned in point (i).
Page No 27.6:
Question 4:
Find the coordinates of points A, B, C, D in Fig. 27.7.
Answer:
Draw perpendiculars AP, BP, CQ and DR from A, B, C and D on the x-axis. Also, draw perpendiculars AW, BX, CY and DZ on the y-axis.
From the figure, we have:
AW = 1 unit and AP= 1 unit
So, the coordinates of vertex A are (1, 1).
Similarly, BX=1 unit and BP= 4 units
So, the coordinates of vertex B are (1, 4).
CY = 4 units and CQ= 6 units
So, the coordinates of vertex B are (4, 6).
DZ = 5 units and DR= 3 units
So, the coordinates of vertex B are (5, 3).
Page No 27.6:
Question 5:
Find the coordinates of points P, Q, R and S in Fig. 27.8.
Answer:
Draw perpendiculars PA, QB, RC and SD from vertices P, Q, R and S on the x-axis. Also ,draw perpendiculars
PE, QF, RG and SH on the y-axis from these points.
PE = 10 units and PA = 70 units
Therefore, the coordinates of vertex P are (10, 70).
QF = 12 units and QB = 80 units
Therefore, the coordinates of vertex Q are (12, 80).
RG = 16 units and RC = 100 units
Therefore, the coordinates of vertex R are (16, 100).
SH = 20 units and SD = 120 units
Therefore, the coordinates of vertex S are (20, 120).
Page No 27.6:
Question 6:
Write the coordinates of each of the vertices of each polygon in Fig. 27.9.
Answer:
From the figure, we have:
In polygon OXYZ:
O lies on the origin and the coordinates of the origin are (0, 0). So, the coordinates of O are (0, 0).
X lies on the y-axis. So, the x-coordinate is 0. Hence, the coordinate of X is (0, 2).
Also, YX is equal to 2 units and YZ is equal to 2 units. So, the coordinates of vertex Y are (2, 2).
Z lies on the x-axis. So, the y-coordinate is 0. Hence, the coordinates of Z are (2, 0).
In polygon ABCD:
Draw perpendiculars DG, AH, CI and BJ from A, B, C and D on the x-axis.
Also, draw perpendiculars DF, AE, CF and BE from A, B, C and D on the y-axis.
Now, from the figure:
DF = 3 units and DG = 3 units
Therefore, the coordinates of D are (3, 3).
AE = 4 units and AH = 5 units
Therefore, the coordinates of A are (4, 5).
CF = 6 units and CI = 3 units
Therefore, the coordinates of C are (6, 3).
BE = 7 units and BJ = 5 units
Therefore, the coordinates of B are (7, 5).
In polygon PQR:
Draw perpendiculars PJ, QK and RK from P, Q and R on the x-axis.
Also, draw perpendiculars PW, QE and RF from P, Q and R on the y-axis.
Now, from the figure:
PW = 7 units and PJ = 4 units
Therefore, the coordinates of P are (7, 4).
QE = 9 units and QK = 5 units
Therefore, the coordinates of Q are (9, 5).
RF = 9 units and RK = 3 units
Therefore, the coordinates of R are (9, 3).
Page No 27.7:
Question 7:
Decide which of the following statements is true and which is false. Give reasons for your answer.
(i) A point whose x-coordinate is zero, will lie on the y-axis.
(ii) A point whose y-coordinate is zero, will lie on x-axis.
(iii) The coordinates of the origin are (0, 0).
(iv) Points whose x and y coordinates are equal, lie on a line passing through the origin.
Answer:
(i) The examples of points having x-coordinate as zero are (0,3), (0,6), (0,9). This can be represented in the following manner:
From the figure, it can be seen that these points lie on the y-axis. Hence, the statement is true.
(ii) The examples of points having y-coordinate as zero are (3,0), (6,0), (9,0). This can be represented in the following manner:
From figure above, it can be seen that these points lie on the x-axis. Hence, the statement is true.
(iii) The origin divides each of these axes into a positive and a negative semi-axis. The coordinates of the origin are always are zero, i.e. (0,0). Thus, the statement is true.
(iv) The examples of points having equal x and y coordinates are (0,0), (1,1), (2,2), etc. If these points are joined, they will lie on a line passing through the coordinates (0,0). Thus, the statement is true.
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