The chapter focuses on topics like A Bar graph, A Pie graph, A histogram, A line graph.
- A bar graph is used to show a comparison among categories. It may contain parallel vertical or horizontal bars or rectangles.
- A pie graph is used to compare parts of a whole. It is also referred to as circle graphs.
- A histogram is a bar graph that shows data in intervals. It consists of adjacent bars over the intervals.
- A line graph displays data that change continuously over periods of times
- A line graph which is a whole unbroken line is called a linear graph.
- Location of a point
- Coordinates: Vertical Axis is called the Y-axis. Horizontal Axis is called the x-axis.
- For fixing a point on the graph sheet we need, x-coordinate and y-coordinate.
- The relation between the dependent variable and the independent variable is explained with the help of a graph.
Understanding of each topic of the chapter, Introduction to Graphs is made easier by adding examples, activities, and diagrams.
In addition to this, the topic-wise assessment of the understanding is done with the help of questions provided at the end of each topic.
A summary of all the important points of the chapter, Introduction to Graphs is provided at the end followed by a set of exercises that tests the overall understanding of concepts mentioned in the chapter.
Page No 236:
Question 1:
The following graph shows the temperature of a patient in a hospital, recorded every hour.
(a) What was the patient’s temperature at 1 p.m.?
(b) When was the patient’s temperature 38.5°C?
(c) The patient’s temperature was the same two times during the period given. What were these two times?
(d) What was the temperature at 1.30 p.m? How did you arrive at your answer?
(e) During which periods did the patient’s temperature show an upward trend?
Answer:
(a) At 1 p.m., the patient’s temperature was 36.5°C.
(b) The patient’s temperature was 38.5°C at 12 noon.
(c) The patient’s temperature was same at 1 p.m. and 2 p.m.
(d) The graph between the times 1 p.m. and 2 p.m. is parallel to the x-axis. The temperature at 1 p.m. and 2 p.m. is 36.5°C. So, the temperature at 1:30 p.m. is 36.5°C.
(e) During the following periods, the patient’s temperature showed an upward trend.
9 a.m. to 10 a.m., 10 a.m. to 11 a.m., 2 p.m. to 3 p.m.
Video Solution for introduction to graphs (Page: 236 , Q.No.: 1)
NCERT Solution for Class 8 math - introduction to graphs 236 , Question 1
Page No 237:
Question 2:
The following line graph shows the yearly sales figure for a manufacturing company.
(a) What were the sales in (i) 2002 (ii) 2006?
(b) What were the sales in (i) 2003 (ii) 2005?
(c) Compute the difference between the sales in 2002 and 2006.
(d) In which year was there the greatest difference between the sales as compared to its previous year?
Answer:
(a)
(i) In 2002, the sales were Rs 4 crores.
(ii) In 2006, the sales were Rs 8 crores.
(b)
(i) In 2003, the sales were Rs 7 crores.
(ii) In 2005, the sales were Rs 10 crores.
(c)
(i) In 2002, the sales were Rs 4 crores and in 2006, the sales were Rs 8 crores.
Difference between the sales in 2002 and 2006
= Rs (8 − 4) crores = Rs 4 crores
(d) Difference between the sales of the year 2006 and 2005
= Rs (10 − 8) crores = Rs 2 crores
Difference between the sales of the year 2005 and 2004
= Rs (10 − 6) crores = Rs 4 crores
Difference between the sales of the year 2004 and 2003
= Rs (7 − 6) crore = Rs 1 crore
Difference between the sales of the year 2003 and 2002
= Rs (7 − 4) crores = Rs 3 crores
Hence, the difference was the maximum in the year 2005 as compared to its previous year 2004.
Page No 237:
Question 3:
For an experiment in Botany, two different plants, plant A and plant B were grown under similar laboratory conditions. Their heights were measured at the end of each week for 3 weeks. The results are shown by the following graph.
(a) How high was Plant A after (i) 2 weeks (ii) 3weeks?
(b) How high was Plant B after (i) 2 weeks (ii) 3weeks?
(c) How much did Plant A grow during the 3rd week?
(d) How much did Plant B grow from the end of the 2nd week to the end of the 3rd week?
(e) During which week did Plant A grow most?
(f) During which week did Plant B grow least?
(g) Were the two plants of the same height during any week shown here? Specify.
Answer:
(a)
(i) After 2 weeks, the height of plant A was 7 cm.
(ii) After 3 weeks, the height of plant A was 9 cm.
(b)
(i) After 2 weeks, the height of plant B was 7 cm.
(ii) After 3 weeks, the height of plant B was 10 cm.
(c) Growth of plant A during 3rd week = 9 cm − 7 cm = 2 cm
(d) Growth of plant B from the end of the 2nd week to the end of the 3rd week
= 10 cm − 7 cm = 3 cm
(e) Growth of plant A during 1st week = 2 cm − 0 cm = 2 cm
Growth of plant A during 2nd week = 7 cm − 2 cm = 5 cm
Growth of plant A during 3rd week = 9 cm − 7 cm = 2 cm
Therefore, plant A grew the most, i.e. 5 cm, during the 2nd week.
(f) Growth of plant B during 1st week = 1 cm − 0 cm = 1 cm
Growth of plant B during 2nd week = 7 cm − 1 cm = 6 cm
Growth of plant B during 3rd week = 10 cm − 7 cm = 3 cm
Therefore, plant B grew the least, i.e. 1 cm, during the 1st week.
(g) At the end of the 2nd week, the heights of both plants were same.
Page No 238:
Question 4:
The following graph shows the temperature forecast and the actual temperature for each day of a week.
(a) On which days was the forecast temperature the same as the actual temperature?
(b) What was the maximum forecast temperature during the week?
(c) What was the minimum actual temperature during the week?
(d) On which day did the actual temperature differ the most from the forecast temperature?
Answer:
(a) The forecast temperature was same as the actual temperature on Tuesday, Friday, and Sunday.
(b) The maximum forecast temperature during the week was 35°C.
(c) The minimum actual temperature during the week was 15°C.
(d) The actual temperature differs the most from the forecast temperature on Thursday.
Page No 238:
Question 5:
Use the tables below to draw linear graphs.
(a) The number of days a hill side city received snow in different years.
-
Year
2003
2004
2005
2006
Days
8
10
5
12
(b) Population (in thousands) of men and women in a village in different years.
-
Year
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Number of men
12
12.5
13
13.2
13.5
Number of women
11.3
11.9
13
13.6
12.8
Answer:
(a) By taking the years on x-axis and the number of days on y-axis and taking scale as 1 unit = 2 days on y-axis and 2 unit = 1 year on x-axis, the linear graph of the given information can be drawn as follows.
(b) By taking the years on x-axis and population on y-axis and scale as 1 unit = 0.5 thousand on y-axis and 2 unit = 1 year on x-axis, the linear graph of the given information can be drawn as follows.
Page No 239:
Question 6:
A courier-person cycles from a town to a neighboring suburban area to deliver a parcel to a merchant. His distance from the town at different times is shown by the following graph.
(a) What is the scale taken for the time axis?
(b) How much time did the person take for the travel?
(c) How far is the place of the merchant from the town?
(d) Did the person stop on his way? Explain.
(e) During which period did he ride fastest?
Answer:
(a) Scale taken for the time axis is 4 units = 1 hour
(b) The person travelled during the time 8 a.m. − 11:30 a.m.
Therefore,
the person took
hours
to travel.
(c) The merchant is 22 km far from the town.
(d) Yes, the person stopped on his way from 10 a.m. to 10: 30 a.m. This is indicated by the horizontal part of the graph.
(e) From the graph, it can be observed that during 8 a.m. to 9 a.m., the person travelled the maximum distance. Thus, the person’s ride was the fastest between 8 a.m. and 9 a.m.
Page No 239:
Question 7:
Can there be a time temperature graph as follows? Justify you’re answer:
|
|
|
|
(i) |
(ii) |
|
|
|
|
(iii) |
(iv) |
Answer:
(i) This can be a time−temperature graph, as the temperature can increase with the increase in time.
(ii) This can be a time−temperature graph, as the temperature can decrease with the decrease in time.
(iii) This cannot be a time−temperature graph since different temperatures at the same time are not possible.
(iv) This can be a time−temperature graph, as same temperature at different times is possible.
Video Solution for introduction to graphs (Page: 239 , Q.No.: 7)
NCERT Solution for Class 8 math - introduction to graphs 239 , Question 7
Page No 243:
Question 1:
Plot the following points on a graph sheet. Verify if they lie on a line
(a) A(4, 0), B(4, 2), C(4, 6), D(4, 2.5)
(b) P(1, 1), Q(2, 2), R(3, 3), S(4, 4)
(c) K(2, 3), L(5, 3), M(5, 5), N(2, 5)
Answer:
(a) We can plot the given points and join the consecutive points on a graph paper as follows.
From the graph, it can be observed that the points A, B, C, and D lie on the same line.
(b) We can plot the given points and join the consecutive points on a graph paper as follows.
Hence, points P, Q, R, and S lie on the same line.
(c) We can plot the given points and join the consecutive points on a graph paper as follows.
Hence, points K, L, M, and N are not lying on the same line.
Page No 243:
Question 2:
Draw the line passing through (2, 3) and (3, 2). Find the coordinates of the points at which this line meets the x-axis and y-axis.
Answer:
From the graph, it can be observed that the line joining the points (2, 3) and (3, 2) meets the x-axis at the point (5, 0) and the y-axis at the point (0, 5).
Video Solution for introduction to graphs (Page: 243 , Q.No.: 2)
NCERT Solution for Class 8 math - introduction to graphs 243 , Question 2
Page No 243:
Question 3:
Write the coordinates of the vertices of each of these adjoining figures.
Answer:
The coordinates of the vertices in the given figure are as follows.
O (0, 0), A (2, 0), B (2, 3), C (0, 3)
P (4, 3), Q (6, 1), R (6, 5), S (4, 7)
K (10, 5), L (7, 7), M (10, 8)
Video Solution for introduction to graphs (Page: 243 , Q.No.: 3)
NCERT Solution for Class 8 math - introduction to graphs 243 , Question 3
Page No 243:
Question 4:
State whether True or False. Correct those are false.
(i) A point whose x coordinate is zero and y-coordinate is non-zero will lie on the y-axis.
(ii) A point whose y coordinate is zero and x-coordinate is 5 will lie on y-axis.
(iii) The coordinates of the origin are (0, 0).
Answer:
(i) True
(ii) False
The point whose y-coordinate is zero and x-coordinate is 5 will lie on x-axis.
(iii) True
Video Solution for introduction to graphs (Page: 243 , Q.No.: 4)
NCERT Solution for Class 8 math - introduction to graphs 243 , Question 4
Page No 247:
Question 1:
Draw the graphs for the following tables of values, with suitable scales on the axes.
(a) Cost of apples
-
Number of apples
1
2
3
4
5
Cost (in Rs)
5
10
15
20
25
(b) Distance travelled by a car
-
Time (in hours)
6 a.m.
7 a.m.
8 a.m.
9 a.m.
Distance (in km)
40
80
120
160
(i) How much distance did the car cover during the period 7.30 a.m. to 8 a.m.?
(ii) What was the time when the car had covered a distance of 100 km since its start?
(c) Interest on deposits for a year:
-
Deposit (in Rs)
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Simple interest (in Rs)
80
160
240
320
400
(i) Does the graph pass through the origin?
(ii) Use the graph to find the interest on Rs 2500 for a year:
(iii) To get an interest of Rs 280 per year, how much money should be deposited?
Answer:
(a) Taking a suitable scale (for x-axis, 1 unit = 1 apple and for y-axis, 1 unit = Rs 5), we can mark the number of apples on x-axis and the cost of apples on y-axis. A graph of the given data is as follows.
(b) Taking a suitable scale (for x-axis, 2 units = 1 hour and for y-axis, 2 units = 40 km), we can represent the time on x-axis and the distance covered by the car on y-axis. A graph of the given data is as follows.
(i) During the period 7:30 a.m. to 8 a.m., the car covered a distance of 20 km.
(ii) The car covered a distance of 100 km at 7:30 a.m. since its start.
(c) Taking a suitable scale,
For x-axis, 1 unit = Rs 1000 and for y-axis, 1 unit = Rs 80
We can represent the deposit on x-axis and the interest earned on that deposit on y-axis. A graph of the given data is obtained as follows.
From the graph, the following points can be observed.
(i) Yes. The graph passes through the origin.
(ii) The interest earned in a year on a deposit of Rs 2500 is Rs 200.
(iii) To get an interest of Rs 280 per year, Rs 3500 should be deposited.
Video Solution for introduction to graphs (Page: 247 , Q.No.: 1)
NCERT Solution for Class 8 math - introduction to graphs 247 , Question 1
Page No 248:
Question 2:
Draw a graph for the following.
(i)
-
Side of square (in cm)
2
3
3.5
5
6
Perimeter (in cm)
8
12
14
20
24
Is it a linear graph?
(ii)
-
Side of square (in cm)
2
3
4
5
6
Area (in cm2)
4
9
16
25
36
Is it a linear graph?
Answer:
(i) Choosing a suitable scale,
For x-axis, 1 unit = 1 cm and for y-axis, 1 unit = 4 cm
We can represent the side of a square on x-axis and the perimeter of that square on y-axis. A graph of the given data is drawn as follows.
It is a linear graph.
(ii)Choosing a suitable scale,
For x-axis, 1 unit = 1 cm and for y-axis, 1 unit = 4 cm2
We can represent the side of a square on the x-axis and the area of that square on y-axis. A graph of the given data is as follows.
It is not a linear graph.
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